In this paper, deploying an integrator, we propose a method to transform ultra wideband (UWB) signal into a frequency hopping type of transmission signal that is applied in Bluetooth technology. In addition to the tremendous increase in data transfer speed, the frequency domain equalization is further extended to Bluetooth technology, as a result. This paper further shows that both technologies can be deduced from each other although UWB is a carrierless while Bluetooth requires a transmission carrier.

The Hill cipher is considered the first encryption technology that has some

advantages in encrypting data. The aim of this research is to modify the Hill

cipher to process letters of the Arabic alphabet. We have proven the success of

the Hill encryption on letters of the Arabic alphabet and the research was

supported by a number of different examples which were then processed using

MATLAB.

Since the Alhamada area is known for its rangelands and most of its inhabitants raise animals, especially sheep and goats, this study was conducted by collecting samples randomly from six herds of sheep distributed randomly from the specific areas of Qurayat and Ghadames This study was aimed to determine the prevalance of Eimeria, which causes coccidian in sheep's and study the effects of many factors such as age, sex, and the breeding system, it is the first study conducted in the Hamada area on this parasite, using microscopic examination, 54 samples of sheep and goat feces were examined, of different ages and of both sexes in the month of May 2022. The result showed that the infection rate was 28% in sheep and 43% in goats. It was noted that there were no significant differences for age in the infection rate, as the highest infection rate was in the age group (>2) years (39%), while the lowest infection rate was in the age group of (1-2) years (7%), it was also shown that there is no significant difference for gender on the infection rate, as the infection rate in males was (22%) and females (48%). The results showed a slight difference in the infection rate between the open and closed breeding systems in the Hamada region, with the closed system averaging 25% compared to 20% in the open system. Clinical signs also appeared on some of the infected animals, including diarrhea, general weakness, and some of them showed plucking of wool/hair.

The division algorithm for multivariate polynomials over fields has been introduced not very long ago, in connection with algorithmic and computational problems in the rings since the work of Buchberger. The well-known fact is a term order must be a well-ordering and the division procedure in the ring of multivariate polynomials over a field terminates even if the division term is not leading term, but is freely chosen. In this paper, we will show the original geometric approach to the classification of all possible orders on the ring of polynomials in two variables is given. The connection between this classification and the well-known classification of Robiano is exposed in details.

The study aimed to present the first record of insect families in Farwa Island. Farwa Island is the largest and most important island in Libya; located in Northern west part of Libya in the Mediterranean, its insect fauna is poorly studied. Short time intensive collection of insect samples was conducted in four areas (mouth of the valley, bay of containers, center of the Island, and Ras-Attalgha) in February, March and April 2021. Different methods were used for insect collection, sorting, preservation and later identification to the lowest taxonomic level and verification. 9 orders, 31 families, 40 genera and 58 insect species were collected in the study; the center of the Island had the highest numerical density and diversity of insect fauna due to its diverse vegetation compared to other areas. Diverse suitable habitats and absent insect control measures provided suitable environmental conditions for insects breeding, feeding and hiding from enemies. This study constitutes the first comprehensive survey of insect fauna on Farwa Island and adds significant value to the ongoing assessment of insect diversity in Libya. A long-term study has to be conducted to investigate detailed information about the abundance and diversity of insects and other arthropods on Farwa Island.

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The theory of operators is an important subject in analytic function theory, geometric function theory and univalent function theory. It also is an important subject in applied sciences. It is still an active field of research and various types of problems, which can be solved by generalising operators. Recently, many researchers have shown great interests in the study of differential operators in the theory of univalent functions and various subclasses of analytic functions defined in the open unit disc. In this paper a generalised derivative operator will be used to derive some results concerning the subordination and superordination of analytic function in the open unit disc.